Negatively charged amino acids have four ionisations zones

1. 1--------pK1 – charge +1

2. pK1---------pKr charge 0

3. pKr---------pK2 charge -1

4. pK2---------14 charge -2

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#Id: 9810

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Pfr is the physiologically active forms of Phytochrome

Wild type: short hypocotyl by white light

hy mutant (phytochrome mutant): long hypocotyl by white light

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#Id: 9811

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A toggle model is for phytochrome interconversion

The structure of the b-hairpin region of Pr is changed to an a helix during the conversion of Pr to Pfr, which initiates other conformational changes in the protein.

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There are five phytochrome isoforms in angiosperms

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#Id: 9813

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PHYA is the only gene that encodes a Type I phytochrome and predominantly perceives far-red light.

Phytochrome B predominantly perceives red light

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#Id: 9814

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The PHYA gene is transcriptionally active in dark-grown seedlings, but its expression is strongly inhibited in the light in monocots.

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#Id: 9815

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The PRD domain of phyB serve as an NLS. 

Conversion of Pr to Pfr by red light expose the functional NLS of the PRD domain of phyB, facilitating phyB’s import into the nucleus.