The lag phase can be reduced or abolished entirely by adding premade nuclei.

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#Id: 9942

#XL - T Zoology

Diphtheria

Natural infection with C. diphtheriae occurs only in humans and is spread by respiratory droplets. 

The organism colonizes the nasopharyngeal tract and causes little tissue damage, with only a mild inflammatory reaction. 

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#XL - T Zoology

Virulence is due to its potent exotoxin, which destroys the underlying tissue and results in heart, liver, and kidney damage, as well as to suffocation following formation of a tough fibrous membrane in the respiratory tract

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#Id: 9944

#XL - T Zoology

Malaria (Parasitic)

Sporozoites enter the bloodstream by mosquito.

The sporozoites migrate to the liver, where they multiply, transforming liver hepatocytes into giant multinucleate schizonts, which release thousands of merozoites into the bloodstream. 

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#Id: 9945

#XL - T Zoology

The merozoites infect red blood cells, which eventually rupture, releasing more merozoites. 

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#Id: 9946

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Eventually some of the merozoites differentiate into male and female gametocytes, which are ingested by a mosquito and differentiate into gametes in the mosquito’s gut. 

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#Id: 9947

#XL - T Zoology

The gametes fuse to form a zygote that differentiates to the sporozoite stage within the salivary gland of the mosquito.