Elongation phase

short oligomer rapidly increases in length by the addition of actin monomers to both of its ends, causing filament elongation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7914

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Matrix-targeting sequences

Located at the N-terminus

Usually 20–50 amino acids in length

Rich in hydrophobic amino acids, positively charged basic amino acids (arginine & lysine), and hydroxylated ones (serine and threonine)

Amphipathicity of matrix-targeting sequences is critical to their function

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7915

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Mitochondrial protein import requires: 

Tom proteins (Tom 20/22/70)

General import pore (Tom40)

Tim proteins (Tim23/17)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7916

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Energy inputs are needed to Import proteins into mitochondria

Chaperone proteins (Hsp70& Hsp90)

An H+ electrochemical gradient, or proton-motive force

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7917

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Brown Adipose Tissue

is brown because of the presence of large numbers of mitochondria (high concentrations of cytochromes), with heme groups that are strong absorbers of visible 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7918

#XL - Q Biochemistry

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7919

#XL - Q Biochemistry

The mitochondria of brown adipocytes have a unique protein in their inner membrane, Thermogenin (uncoupling protein 1 ), provides a path for protons to return to the matrix without passing through the FoF1 complex.