Malonate is an analog of succinate not normally present in cells, is a strong competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, and its addition to mitochondria blocks the activity of the citric acid cycle.

#Id: 10762

#XL - R Botany

Aestivation

Valvate :

When sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping, as in Calotropis, it is said to be valvate.e.g., Mimosaceae

Twisted :

If one margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one and so on as in china rose, lady’s finger and cotton, it is called twisted.  e.g., Malvaceae

Imbricate :

If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction as in Cassia and gulmohur, the aestivation is called imbricate. e.g., Caesalppinaaceae

Quincuncial :

the margins of two petals are inside and two petals are outside, and one petal's margin is both inside and outside.  e.g., Apocynaceae

Vexillary :

In pea and bean flowers, there are five petals, the largest (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel)

#Id: 8142

#XL - Q Biochemistry

#Id: 8890

#XL - T Zoology

#Id: 9909

#XL - T Zoology

Inflammasomes

Multiprotein complex that promotes inflammation by processing inactive precursor forms of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18.

Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6. 

#Id: 8560

#XL - Q Biochemistry