Two mechanisms for terminating cytokine signaling:

1. Short-term regulation: SHP1

2. Long-term regulation: SOCS proteins

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9732

#XL - R Botany

One plant produced sesquiterpene, (E)‐β‐farnesene (EBF), has been considered a potential defense against aphids, since its emission by plants causes aphids to drop off the plant or depart from the feeding site. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9733

#XL - R Botany

For many aphids, EBF is the principal constituent of the aphid alarm pheromone, and the constitutive production of EBF by plants could hold promise in the control of specific aphid pests

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9734

#XL - R Botany

To store, toxic secondary metabolites is to conjugate them with a sugar, which also makes them more water soluble

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9735

#XL - R Botany

Members of the Brassicales produce glucosinolates—sulfur-containing organic compounds derived from glucose and an amino acid—as their major defensive secondary metabolites

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9736

#XL - R Botany

The hydrolyzing enzyme, myrosinase (a thioglucosidase), is stored in different cells than its substrates. While myrosinase-containing cells are mostly glucosinolate-free, the so-called sulfur-rich cells (or S-cells) contain high concentrations of glucosinolates.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9737

#XL - R Botany

Sinigrin, a major glucosinolate of black mustard seeds and horseradish roots.