Late blight disease (A), caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans

Black stem rust, which results from infection by the basidiomycete Puccinia graminis

Global banana (Musa spp.) production is under threat from black Sigatoka disease Mycosphaerella fijiensis.

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Clove

Family: myrtaceae

Botanical Name:syzygium aromaticum

Clove trees are tropical evergreen tree and its small reddish brown flower buds used as a spice.

Used to treat:- Pain during dental work

improved digestion

reduced cancer risk

relieving stress

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Ashwagandha indian winter cherry

Family:solanaceae

Botanical Name: withania somnifera

Ashwagandha is used to boost energy and reduce stress.

Used to treat:- Calm the brain

reduce swelling

lower blood pressure

alter the immune system

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Secondary metabolites arere divided into Three major groups

Terpenes, 

Phenolics, and

Nitrogen-containing compounds

Terpenes

Basic structural elements of terpenes are sometimes called isoprene units

Ten-carbon terpenes, which contain two C5 units, are called monoterpenes; 15-carbon terpenes (three C5 units) are sesquiterpenes; and 20-carbon terpenes (four C5 units) are diterpenes. Larger terpenes include triterpenes (30 carbons), tetraterpenes (40 carbons), and polyterpenoids ([C5]n carbons, where n > 8).

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Monoterpenes ester are called pyrethroids

occur in leaves and flower of chrysanthemum species show very striking insecticidal activity

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Many plants contain mixtures of volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, called essential oils examples- Peppermint, lemon, basil, and sage 

Chief monoterpene constituent of peppermint oil is menthol; that of lemon oil is limonene

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Essential oils have well-known insect repellent properties.

Essential oils can be extracted from plants by steam distillation and are important commercially in flavoring foods and making perfumes