The Forces of Evolution

Mutation, 

Genetic drift

Gene flow or migration

Selection

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#Id: 4686

#XL - T Zoology

Interactions are classified by how they affect the fitnesses of the two individuals.

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#Id: 8210

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Autophagy (“eating oneself”)

When cells are placed under stressful conditions, they have the capacity to recycle macromolecules for use as nutrients in a process of lysosomal degradation.

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#XL - T Zoology

An individual without gonads will leave no genes to the next generation. Gonads and genitalia are called primary sexual traits.

Secondary sexual traits, which differ between the sexes but do not play a direct role in reproduction.

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#XL - T Zoology

Mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes via specialized protein structures known as kinetochores

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#Id: 9082

#XL - T Zoology