In the absence of insulin, the extracellular domain adopts a symmetric inverted U-shaped conformation. 

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#Id: 9740

#XL - R Botany

Cyanogenic glycosides represent a particularly toxic class of N-containing secondary metabolites. 

Upon tissue damage, these glycosides break down and release hydrogen cyanide (HCN). 

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#Id: 9741

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Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria, which blocks the electron transport chain.

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Amygdalin (the common cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of almonds, apricots, cherries, and peaches). 

Dhurrin from sorghum 

Linamarin and lotaustralin from cassava.

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#Id: 9743

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Glycosylated triterpenoid compound avenacin A1, found in oat (Avena sativa) roots The wheat root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is extremely sensitive to avenacins

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Tomato plants produce tomatine, a compound that is closely related to avenacin. Only certain pathovars of the fungal pathogen Septoria lycopersici can cause disease on tomatoes, and these pathovars produce a glucosidase that can detoxify tomatine.

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#Id: 9745

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According to Optimal Defense Hypothesis, 

Young tissues not only contain the highest levels of constitutive secondary compounds, they are also more responsive to herbivory. Thus, younger leaves exhibit more robust inducible defenses to herbivores than older leaves.