Nod-like receptors

The NLRs are a large family of cytosolic proteins activated by intracellular PAMPs

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10027

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NF-κB stimulates expression of several anti-apoptotic proteins, including FLIP, Bcl-XL, A1/Bfl-1, c-IAP, XIAP, TRAF1, and TRAF2.

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#Id: 10028

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In certain immune cells, NF-κB stimulates expression of iNOS (inducible isoform of the enzyme that produces NO), which is toxic to bacterial cells

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#Id: 10029

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In resting cells,

NF-κB binds directly to an inhibitor called I-κBα

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#Id: 10030

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A single molecule of I-κBα binds to N-terminal domains of the p50–p65 subunits, masking their NLS.

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#Id: 10031

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I-κB kinase 

three-protein complex and is responsible for releasing NF-κB from sequestration

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#Id: 10032

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Within minutes of stimulation of the cell, β subunit of

I-κB kinase becomes activated by phosphorylation