Following statements are regarding to the Surveillance mechanisms in cell cycle regulation.

A. Surveillance mechanisms known as checkpoint pathways establish dependencies among cell cycle events and ensure that the next cell cycle event does not occur prior to the completion of a preceding event.

B. In response to DNA damage, two related protein kinases, ATM and ATR, are recruited to the site of the damage, where they activate signaling pathways that lead to cell cycle arrest, repair, and under some circumstances, apoptosis.

C. The spindle assembly checkpoint pathway, which causes initiation of anaphase, utilizes Mad2 and other proteins to regulate APC/CCdc20, which targets securing and mitotic cyclins for ubiquitinylation.

D. The spindle position checkpoint pathway prevents mitotic CDK inactivation when the spindle is mispositioned. In this pathway, localized activators and inhibitors and a sensor that shuttles between them allow cells to sense spindle position.

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

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#Question id: 15378

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

You find a pink geranium in your flowerbed of red geraniums. Seeds from self fertilization of this plant produce ¼ red plants, ½ pink plants, and ¼ white plants. When considering the visible phenotype, which explanation is most likely?

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#Question id: 15194

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

 Genes that control coat color in mammals represent some of the best early examples of genes with multiple alleles exhibiting different phenotypes. A classic example is the C gene in hamsters. Three of the known alleles of this gene are C, c^a and c^k. Each supplies a different amount of black pigment to the coat hair. The phenotypes of three different homozygous strains are as follows.

would mate the true-breeding  c^a c^a  hamsters to the true-breeding c^k c^k  hamsters to produce heterozygous  c^a and c^k  F1 progeny,  the F1 progeny cack  hamsters self fertilized, From the fraction of F2 progeny that have the wild type black phenotype, 

Crosses and their interpretation that would have allowed geneticists to come to the conclusion that ca and ck were likely to be alleles of the different gene. 

What will be the ratio of F2 hamster;

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15193

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Genes that control coat color in mammals represent some of the best early examples of genes with multiple alleles exhibiting different phenotypes. A classic example is the C gene in hamsters. Three of the known alleles of this gene are C, c^a and c^k. Each supplies a different amount of black pigment to the coat hair. The phenotypes of three different homozygous strains are as follows.

would mate the true-breeding  c^a c^a  hamsters to the true-breeding c^k c^k  hamsters to produce heterozygous  c^a and c^k  F1 progeny. Crosses and their interpretation that would have allowed geneticists to come to the conclusion that c^a and c^k were likely to be alleles of the same using the concept that alleles of the same gene will be tightly linked. What will be the ratio of F2 hamster;

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15192

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Genes that control coat color in mammals represent some of the best early examples of genes with multiple alleles exhibiting different phenotypes. A classic example is the C gene in hamsters. Three of the known alleles of this gene are C, c^a and c^k. Each supplies a different amount of black pigment to the coat hair. The phenotypes of three different homozygous strains are as follows.

Based on the concepts of recessivity, determine whether ck and ca were dominant or recessive alleles by crossing the true-breeding albino hamsters  with the true-breeding sepia hamsters. From the resulting F1 progeny phenotype, what would be the ratio of F2 phenotype

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15191

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Genes that control coat color in mammals represent some of the best early examples of genes with multiple alleles exhibiting different phenotypes. A classic example is the C gene in hamsters. Three of the known alleles of this gene are C, c^k and c^a. Each supplies a different amount of black pigment to the coat hair. The phenotypes of three different homozygous strains are as follows.

Based on the concepts of dominance, determine whether ck and ca were dominant or recessive alleles by crossing the true-breeding sepia hamsters to true-breeding black hamsters. From the resulting F1 progeny phenotype, what would be the ratio of F2 phenotype

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15190

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

The recessive mutant allele that causes cystic fibrosis is much more frequent in Caucasians population than in other world populations. Some scientists believe heterozygotes must have had a survival advantage during plagues such as cholera that occasionally swept through this population. What concept does this illustrate?