Following statements are regarding to the Surveillance mechanisms in cell cycle regulation.

A. Surveillance mechanisms known as checkpoint pathways establish dependencies among cell cycle events and ensure that the next cell cycle event does not occur prior to the completion of a preceding event.

B. In response to DNA damage, two related protein kinases, ATM and ATR, are recruited to the site of the damage, where they activate signaling pathways that lead to cell cycle arrest, repair, and under some circumstances, apoptosis.

C. The spindle assembly checkpoint pathway, which causes initiation of anaphase, utilizes Mad2 and other proteins to regulate APC/CCdc20, which targets securing and mitotic cyclins for ubiquitinylation.

D. The spindle position checkpoint pathway prevents mitotic CDK inactivation when the spindle is mispositioned. In this pathway, localized activators and inhibitors and a sensor that shuttles between them allow cells to sense spindle position.

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12991

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Choose the correct statements

a. Secondary structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

b. Hydrogen bond always formed between non bonded atoms.

c. the folded length of an amino acid in α-helix reduced almost 3 times than linear structure.

d. Only dihedral angle changes during the formation of secondary structure while bond length remains unchanged

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12990

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Choose the incorrect statement related to ionic interactions

a. Ionic interactions takes place between positively and negatively charged amino acids side chain.

b. Ionic interactions takes place between positively and positively charged amino acids side chain.

c. ionic interaction has almost 20 kj/mol of bond energy.

d. ionic interaction is weak interaction that have lowest 20kj/mol of bond energy.

e. strength of ionic bond within protein chain calculated by

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12989

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Choose the correct statement related to hydrogen bond and Van der Waals interactions

a. Hydrogen bond formation takes place between dipole-dipole interaction.

b. Van der waals interaction takes place between induced dipole-induced dipole.

c. Hydrogen bond formation takes place between induced dipole-induced dipole.

d. Van der waals interaction takes place between dipole-dipole interaction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 341

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

 Which force can stabilize a DNA double-helix?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 339

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The edges of each base pair are exposed in the major and minor grooves, creating a pattern of hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors and of hydrophobic groups (allowing for Vander Waals interactions) that identifies the base pair. The edge of an C : G base pair displays the following chemical groups in the following order in the major groove:

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 338

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?