In cells lacking functional caspase-8 or FADD, TNFα

triggers an alternative pathway, necroptosis.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

In all epithelia, keratin filaments associate with: Desmosomes (cell–cell contact)

Hemidesmosomes (cell–matrix contact)

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

when defective keratins are expressed in the basal cell layer of the epidermis, they produce a disorder called epidermolysis bullosa simplex

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Vimentin, found in mesenchymal cells;

GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), found in glial cells

Desmin, found in muscle cells

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

In smooth muscle, desmin filaments link cytoplasmic dense bodies to the plasma membrane to ensure that cells resist overstretching.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

In skeletal muscle, 

The desmin filaments encircle the Z disk and are cross-linked to the plasma membrane. 

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Type IV Ifs consist of the three related subunits

NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H that make up the neurofilaments found in the axons of neurons