At steady state, ATP–G-actin subunits add preferentially to the (+) end, while ADP–G-actin subunits disassemble from the (−) end, giving rise to treadmilling of subunits.

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#Id: 9298

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

A.  Chloroplasts

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#Id: 10505

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Human Bcl-2 and worm CED-9 both proteins act as regulators that suppress the apoptotic pathway

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#Id: 3244

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

DNA also undergoes depurination by spontaneous hydrolysis of the N-glycosyl linkage, and this produces an abasic site (i.e., deoxyribose lacking a base) in the DNA.

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#Id: 8755

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Thermodynamic measurements indicate that native proteins are only marginally stable under physiological conditions. The free energy required to denature them is ∼0.4 kJ ∙ mol−1 per amino acid residue.

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#Id: 7447

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

For stalk and spore maturation, cAMP is produced by adenylate cyclase R (ACR)