Rho-dependent terminators are defined by the need for addition of rho factor in vitro, and mutations show that the factor is involved in termination in vivo.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7783

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

FG-nucleoporins, the central channel of the NPC filled with a fluidlike phase that allows the diffusion of small molecules while excluding unchaperoned hydrophilic proteins larger than 40 kDa.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7784

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

All proteins found in the nucleus, histones, transcription factors,  DNA & RNA polymerases are synthesized in the cytoplasm and imported into the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7785

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

These proteins contain a nuclear-localization signal (NLS) that directs their selective transport into the  nucleus.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7786

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

NLSs were first discovered through the analysis of mutations of the gene for large T-antigen encoded by simian virus 40 (SV40).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7787

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The wild-type form of large T-antigen is localized to the nucleus in virus-infected cells, whereas some mutated forms of large T-antigen accumulate in the cytoplasm.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7788

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The mutations responsible for this altered cellular localization occur within a specific seven-residue sequence rich in basic amino acids near the C-terminus of the protein: Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val.