Overall, there are three pillars electrophoresis

Current / voltage

Medium - (buffer/liquid) - with a precise pH value and a constant ionic strength.

 Analytes - A compound, which is to be detected or assayed in a given sample.

Electrophoretic resolution mainly can be change by manipulating current and buffer system.

The higher the buffer concentration, the more electric power is applied, resulting in higher heat (joule effect) development.

Smiling Effect, Venetian Blind Effect & Electroendosmosis reduces the efficiency of electrophoresis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1561

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Principal signaling receptor for Wnt proteins is Frizzled (Fz), which contains seven transmembrane α helices.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1562

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Lipidated Wnt can bind to Frizzled receptor because lipids are essential for Wnt to bind to Frizzled.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1563

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

This is the example of post-translational modification by a lipid that mediates a ligand-receptor interaction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1564

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Upon secretion, Wnt proteins associate with glypicans (heparan sulfate proteoglycan) in the ECM, which restricts diffusion and leads to a greater accumulation of Wnt closer to the source of production.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1565

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Wnt signal transduction pathways classify into:

1. Canonical wnt pathway (β-catenin dependent)

2. Noncanonical wnt pathways (β-catenin independent)

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1566

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Noncanonical pathways can be divided into two types: 

1. The “planar cell polarity” pathway

2. The “Wnt/calcium” pathway