Primer sequence also· affects PCR efficiency. For example, if the primers used for PCR have complementary regions, primer dimers will be formed, and PCR efficiency will markedly decline.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6524

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Five dopamine receptors fall into two major categories: D1 -like (D1 and D5 )  D2 -like (D2 , D3 , and D4 )

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6525

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Norepinephrine produces vasoconstriction via  α1 receptors, but epinephrine dilates the blood vessels in skeletal muscle and liver via β2 receptors

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6526

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Catecholamines increase the secretion of insulin and glucagon via β-adrenergic mechanisms and inhibit the secretion of these hormones via α-adrenergic mechanisms

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6527

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The pancreas is composed of two major types of tissues, as: 

the acini

the islets of Langerhans

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6528

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Insulin, 

synthesized and secreted 

by the β cells

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6529

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Insulin has an AB heterodimer structure with 

One intrachain (A6-A11) 

Two interchain disulfide bridges (A7-B7 and A20-B19)