Molecular beacons consist of a stem (5–7 bp), and a loop (18–30 base pairs) and are labeled at the 5′ and 3′ ends by fluorophores and quenchers, respectively. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10145

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethyl ether)- N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid], a compound that can chelate (form a complex with) Ca2+, prevents Ca2+ uptake by cells and inhibits root gravitropism.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10146

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

According to the starch–statolith hypothesis, columella of the root cap cells represent statocytes, or gravity-sensing cells

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10147

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10148

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

According to the current hypothesis, the gradient in phototropin phosphorylation induces the movement of auxin to the shaded side of the coleoptile. Once the auxin reaches the shaded side of the tip, it is transported basipetally to the elongation zone, where it stimulates cell elongation. The acceleration of growth on the shaded side and the slowing of growth on the illuminated side (differential growth) give rise to the curvature toward light.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10149

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Strigolactones are produced in the plastids from b-carotene by three sequentially acting plastid enzymes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10150

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Strigolactones, which occur in about 80% of plant species, are a group of terpenoid lactones