Traditional method of labeling DNA is by the process of nick translation . 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1494

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

DNA damage leads to phosphorylation of MDM2, which inhibits its ability to promote p53 degradation allowing p53 levels to increase.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1495

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Growth factor stimulation of cell cycle progression leads to an increase in transcription of the p19ARF protein, which inhibits MDM2’s ability to inhibit p53 .

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1496

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

p19ARF protein in the Mouse = p14ARF in Humans

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1497

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

P53 turned on GADD45 to stimulate DNA repair.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1498

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

P53 turned on  p2I/WAF-I, which binds to and inhibits the CDK/cyclin complexes for GI arrest

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1499

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

P53 turned on sets of large intergenic noncoding RNAs to mediate transcription repression; and miRNAs.