Plant cell walls restrict the extent to which cells can expand, hence the pressure on the cell wall increases as more water enters the cell.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1613

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

NF-₭B is key for inducing many innate and inflammatory genes, including those encoding defensins; enzymes such as iNOS.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1614

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-ᾳ, IL-1, and IL-6, produced by macrophages and dendritic cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1615

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

C-type lectin receptor CLRs are plasma membrane receptors expressed variably on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T-cell subsets.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1616

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Humans CLRs that function as PRRs, most of which recognize one or more specific sugar moieties such as mannose (e.g., the mannose receptor and DC-SIGN), fucose (e.g., Dectin-2 and DC-SIGN), and glucans (e.g., Dectin-1).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1617

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Humans CLRs that function as PRRs, most of which recognize one or more specific sugar moieties such as mannose (e.g., the mannose receptor and DC-SIGN), fucose (e.g., Dectin-2 and DC-SIGN), and glucans (e.g., Dectin-1).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1618

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Chronic inflammation causes by IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-18.