A chromatogram is a pictorial record of the detector response as a function of elution volume or retention time, It consists of a series of peaks or bands.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3232

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Potent form of benzo(a)pyrene induces inactivating mutations at codons 175, 248, & 273 of the p53 gene.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3234

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Noncoding RNAs (RNAs that do not encode proteins),
especially micro-RNAs (miRNAs), play a critical role in tumorigenesis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3235

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Let-7 miRNAs act like tumor-suppressors down-regulate the translation of Ras & targets oncogenic transcription factor MYC

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3237

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

miR-15-a and miR-16-1 act like tumor-suppressors;
they normally inhibit B cell proliferation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3239

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

miR-21 targets tumor-suppressor gene PTEN phosphatase

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10390

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Four stages of the evolutionary progression of cancer:

Initiation→Cancer progression → Evasion of cancer cell elimination  → Tumor growth and dispersal