Chemical mutagens can be divided into two groups:

those that are mutagenic to both replicating and nonreplicating DNA, such as the alkylating agents and nitrous acid; and 

those that are mutagenic only to replicating DNA, such as base analogs— purines and pyrimidines with structures similar to the normal bases in DNA.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Nephron contains 

• Glomerulus

• A long tubule

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#Id: 1143

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Glomerulus is formed by the invagination of a tuft of capillaries into the dilated, blind end of the nephron (Bowman’s capsule).

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#Id: 1144

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The glomerular capillaries are supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by the efferent arteriole.

 

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#Id: 1145

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Three cellular layers separate the blood from the glomerular filtrate in Bowman’s capsule: 

1. capillary endothelium

2. basement membrane

3. epithelium of the capsule

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#Id: 1146

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1147

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The endothelium of the glomerular capillaries is completely surrounded by the glomerular basement membrane along with specialized cells called podocytes.