Oligomycin and Venturicidin, toxic antibiotics that bind to the ATP synthase are potent inhibitors of both ATP synthesis and the transfer of electrons through the chain of carriers to O2.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9488

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9489

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Biotrophic fungi usually penetrate the rigid cell wall via the formation of a specialized infection structure on the plant

surface called an appressorium. Then, the emerging penetration

peg breaches the rigid plant cell wall and provides entry into the plant cell. Finally, a haustorium forms upon entry into the plant cell.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9490

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Necrotrophs are Opportunistic, unspecialised (‘non-obligate’) pathogens and Host cells killed rapidly

Entry unspecialised via wounds or natural openings

Secrete copious cell-wall-degrading (lytic) enzymes and toxins

Appressoria/haustoria not normally produced

Wide host range

Easy to culture axenically

Survive as competitive saprotrophs

Controlled by jasmonate- and ethylene-dependent host-defence pathways

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9491

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9492

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9493

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant