In cardiac muscle, the action potential is caused by opening of three types of channels

Voltage activated fast sodium channels 

L-type calcium channels (slow calcium channels or calcium-sodium channels)

Voltage activated potassium ion channels

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8536

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Plant cells rely extensively on augmin-dependent microtubule branching nucleation to organize the microtubule cytoskeleton because they lack centrosomes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8537

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Augmin-induced branches help build the spindle during mitosis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8538

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Microtubules can be stabilized by side-binding microtubule associated proteins (MAPs).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8539

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The short (∼20 amino acid) C-terminal tails of both α- and β-tubulin that protrude from the microtubule are enriched in glutamic and aspartic acids, the surface of the microtubule possesses a net negative charge.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8540

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Dynein-related transport requires dynactin, that links dynein to its cargo

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8572

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Soft keratins, or cytokeratins, are found in epithelial cells and make up the skin.