Because nucleosomal DNA wraps around the histone protein 1.65 times, the formation of a single nucleosome using ccc plasmid would create a writhe of –1.65 and thus change the linking number by an equivalent amount. As described above, when the change in linking number associated with each nucleosome was measured, the number was lower than this, approximately –1.2 for each nucleosome added.

This discrepancy is referred to as the “nucleosome linking  number paradox,”

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Liebig’s law of the minimum Law stating that a population increases until the supply of the most limiting resource prevents it from increasing further. 

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Leibig’s law of the minimum assumes that each resource has an independent effect on the growth of a population.In other words, it assumes that if a given resource limits the growth of individuals and populations, increasing the availability of other resources will not improve such growth.

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Coexist of species 

They Do Not Occupy Identical Niches

Species may partition resources

Morphological differences

Realized niche is less than fundamental niche 

Greater strength intraspecific competition than interspecific competition 

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Competitive exclusion principle The principle that two species cannot coexist indefinitely when they are both limited by the same resource.

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The Enemy release hypothesis is the idea that invasive species are less impacted by enemies than native species.

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Lack of environmental constraints hypothesis suggests preadaptation of some invaders to existing environmental conditions.

With few limitations to many abiotic environments, these invaders can grow quickly and outcompete native species