The best method for cryopreserving cultured cells is storing them in liquid nitrogen in complete medium in the presence of a cryoprotective agent such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or glycerol

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6215

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

These vectors are advantageous in that they can deliver many genome copies per host cell and so typically are associated with high expression. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6216

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Proteins encoded by early region (E1, E2, E3, E4) genes are involved in viral DNA replication, cell cycle modulation and defense system. The late region genes (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) encodes the viral structural proteins.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6217

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6218

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

The genetic expression from adenoviruses is transient, where the DNA is free within the host cell’s nucleus (episomal) where it can be transcribed, but upon cell division these genes will not be replicated.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6219

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Third generation adenoviral Vectors also known as helper dependent adenovirus as they lack all the coding sequences and require helper virus which carries all the coding sequences needed for successful infection like viral DNA replication, viral assembly and infection of new cells etc.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6220

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Adeno-associated vectors (AAV) Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are a group of small, single-stranded DNA viruses. The insert size for AAV is 4.5 kb, with the advantage of long-term gene expression as they integrate into chromosomal DNA.