Haldane’s rule: hybrid sterility or hybrid inviability is often limited to the heterogametic sex. (The heterogametic sex is the one with two different sex chromosomes, while the homogametic sex has two sex chromosomes of the same type).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10028

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In certain immune cells, NF-κB stimulates expression of iNOS (inducible isoform of the enzyme that produces NO), which is toxic to bacterial cells

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10029

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In resting cells,

NF-κB binds directly to an inhibitor called I-κBα

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10030

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A single molecule of I-κBα binds to N-terminal domains of the p50–p65 subunits, masking their NLS.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10031

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

I-κB kinase 

three-protein complex and is responsible for releasing NF-κB from sequestration

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10032

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Within minutes of stimulation of the cell, β subunit of

I-κB kinase becomes activated by phosphorylation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10033

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

β subunit of I-κB kinase phosphorylates two N-terminal serine residues on I-κBα