The basis for the absolute refractory period is closure of the inactivation gates of the Na+ channel in response to depolarization. These inactivation gates are in the closed position until the cell is repolarized back to the resting membrane potential.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2662

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The tubular fluid that leaves the thick ascending limb has a lower Na+ concentration and a lower osmolarity than blood.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2663

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Recycling of K+ 

Most, but not all, of the K+ that enters the cell through cotransporter leaves the cell across BM, A portion of the K+, diffuses back into the lumen.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2664

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is the site of action of the powerful “loop” diuretics.

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#Id: 2665

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

“Loop” Diuretics are:

Furosemide

Ethacrynic acid

Bumetanide 

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#Id: 2666

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

“Loop” diuretics, inhibits 1-sodium, 2-chloride, 1-potassium 

co-transporter.

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2667

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At physiologic pH, the loop diuretics are anions that attach to the 

Cl−-binding site of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter.