The relative refractory period begins at the end of the absolute refractory period and overlaps primarily with the period of the hyperpolarizing afterpotential.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3243

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Adenine and guanine are also subject to spontaneous deamination. Deamination converts adenine to hypoxanthine, which hydrogen-bonds to cytosine rather than to thymine; guanine is converted to xanthine,

which continues to pair with cytosine, although with only two hydrogen bonds.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2841

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Phosphorylated protein or amino acid are separated by using immobilized metal affinity chromatography ( IMAC), or immuno-affinity using antibodies against phosphorylated amino acids or peptides

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3511

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Introns may more freely accumulate point substitutions and other changes due to no selection pressure.  Introns evolve or accumulate mutations/changes much more rapidly than exons

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 174

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Two major modes of inductive interaction:

 Instructive interaction

 Permissive interaction

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8341

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Two major classes of actin-nucleating proteins:

1. Formins nucleate the assembly of unbranched filaments 

2. Arp2/3 complex nucleates the assembly of branched actin networks