Molecules that induce enzyme synthesis but are not metabolized are called gratuitous inducers such as IPTG

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9693

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Active PKB, phosphorylates

and inhibits the GTP→GDP hydrolysis activity of two GAP

proteins - AS160 and RGC

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9694

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phosphorylation causes the binding of AS160 to the 

14-3-3 protein that sequesters it in the cytosol away from its target Rab proteins

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9695

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In the basal state, 

GAPs inhibit RalA and Rab10 function by enhancing their rates of GTP hydrolysis

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9696

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phosphorylation of both GAPs by PKB allows RalA and the Rab10 to accumulate in their active GTP-bound states, enabling them to facilitate GSVs targeting and fusion

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9697

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In resting cells, 

GSK3 is catalytically active which phosphorylates and inhibits glycogen synthase, thus blocking glycogen synthesis from glucose

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9698

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In presence of insulin, 

GSK3 becomes phosphorylated by PKB its catalytic activity is inhibited