The upper scala vestibuli and the lower scala tympani contain perilymph and communicate with each other at the apex of the cochlea through a small opening called the helicotrema

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4246

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Serum in culture media regulates cell membrane permeability and serves as a carrier for lipids, enzymes, micronutrients, and trace elements into the cell. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4249

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

The most common antibiotics used are penicillin and streptomycin, which inhibit a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Penicillin acts by inhibiting the last step in bacterial cell wall synthesis while streptomycin blocks protein synthesis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4250

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

The pH indicator phenol red is used for monitoring the status of the medium. This will change from red at pH 7.2–7.4 to yellow or fuchsia as the pH becomes either acidic or alkaline, respectively.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4254

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Phenol Red

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4256

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Passaging, is the removal of the medium and transfer of cells from a previous culture into fresh growth medium, a procedure that enables the further propagation of the cell line or cell strain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4262

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Characteristic Growth Pattern of Cultured Cells