The upper scala vestibuli and the lower scala tympani contain perilymph and communicate with each other at the apex of the cochlea through a small opening called the helicotrema

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8852

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Geminin contains a destruction box at its N-terminus that is recognized by APC/Ccdh1, causing it to be ubiquitinylated in late anaphase and degraded by proteasomes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8853

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Cohesins 

The protein ring complexes that establish linkages between sister chromatids

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8854

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Cohesins establish linkages between the replicated DNA molecules, which are essential for their accurate segregation later in the cell cycle. This linking mechanism is coupled to DNA replication.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8855

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Cohesins are composed of four subunits: 

Smc1, Smc3, Scc1, and Scc3

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8856

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Smc1 and Smc3 are members of the structural

maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein family, characterized by globular domains at the N- & C-termini connected by a long α helix, bind and hydrolyze ATP.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8857

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The ATPase domains interact with the proteins

Scc1 and Scc3, which together form a cohesin ring structure which embrace one or both copies of the replicated DNA.