Deserts are not very efficient at converting huge amounts of incident energy from sunlight into plant biomass.  Most ecosystems based on phytoplankton have very low efficiencies, usually less than 0.5%.

Photosynthetic efficiency of an ecosystem as a whole varies between 1% and 2%.

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#Id: 6757

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In E. coli the typical mRNA half-life is about 3 minutes, but half-lives of individual mRNAs may be as short as 20 seconds or as long as 90 minutes.  In budding yeast, mRNA half-lives range from 3 to 100 minutes, whereas in metazoans, half-lives range from minutes to hours, and in rare cases, even days.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8158

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Soluble ER-resident proteins contain C-terminal KDEL sorting signal that allows them to be retrieved. 

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#Id: 8799

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 738

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

To identify DNA that is in the process of replicating, DNA derived from dividing cells is first cut with a restriction enzyme and separated on a 2D agarose gel.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7427

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

When the ratio of PSF relative to that of bacteria exceeds a certain threshold, cells stop proliferating and initiate the expression of genes that are required for their aggregation.