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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6144

Finally, the single-stranded stretch including the damaged bases can then be replaced by new synthesis, and the final remaining nick is ligated by a complex of ligase III and XRCC1.

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes #Mutation and Repair #Part B Pointers
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9059

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PKA always phosphorylates a serine or threonine residue that is located within the common sequence motif: X-Arg-(Arg/Lys)-X-(Ser/Thr)-Φ
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9060

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Increased cAMP; PKA active, increased glycogen breakdown, and decreased glycogen synthesis
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9061

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The GPK in skeletal muscle is a huge protein with multiple subunits:
Kinase subunit contains the catalytic activity that activates GP 
Regulatory subunits is the ubiquitous protein calmodulin
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9062

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

GPK enzyme activity is increased either by phosphorylation of these two regulatory subunits by PKA or by Ca+2 binding to the calmodulin subunit; maximal activity requires both.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9063

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phosphorylation of PKA at threonine-197 leads to conformational change in the activation loop, that promotes binding of both ATP and its substrate proteins.
PKA can autophosphorylate itself on T197
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9064

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The activities of GPK and GP are inhibited by a phosphatase called phosphoprotein phosphatase.