During Attenuation, Region 3-4 forms hairpin then second hairpin is formed between Region 1-2

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5944

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5945

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Efficiency of Gross primary production Trophic-level transfer efficiency appears to average around 10%, though there is much variation. In some marine food chains, for example, it can exceed 30%.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5946

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Deserts are not very efficient at converting huge amounts of incident energy from sunlight into plant biomass.  Most ecosystems based on phytoplankton have very low efficiencies, usually less than 0.5%.

Photosynthetic efficiency of an ecosystem as a whole varies between 1% and 2%.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5947

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5948

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Efficiency of Energy transfer The efficiency of energy transfer is influenced by the established laws of thermodynamics.

Efficiency of consumers as energy transformers is trophic-level transfer efficiency

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5949

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Trophic-level transfer efficiency