Principal catecholamines synthesized by the adrenal medulla:

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Dopamine

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 825

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Effector‐encoding genes or avirulence (Avr) genes, found in pathogen as the Pseudomonas produces AvrPto effector causes avirulence.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 826

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) carry Pto resistance gene so Pseudomonas infection resistance

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 827

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A successful pathogen overcomes PTI and has effectors that evade R protein‐mediated detection.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 828

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

ETI invasion by pathogen causes selection of novel R gene variants that can recognize other pathogen effector molecules and then activate defense.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 829

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Race between effector and ETI evolution is an example of coevolution between plants and pathogens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 830

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Enhanced disease susceptibility (EDS) mutants are compromised in basal defense and are thus quantitatively more susceptible than wild‐type plants.