The SL RNA provides an exon that is connected to the first exon of an mRNA by trans-splicing. The reaction involves the same interactions as nuclear cis splicing but generates a Y-shaped RNA instead of a lariat.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Negative staining- heavy metal coats the grid but is excluded from the regions where the sample has adhered.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Commonly used heavy metals

Uranyl acetate

Osmium tetraoxide 

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Metal shadowing- thin film of platinum is coated from a fixed angle. it provides information about the three-dimensional topology of the sample.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allows investigators to view the surfaces of unsectioned metal-coated specimens

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Molecules in the metal coating are excited and release secondary electrons that are focused onto a scintillation detector

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Immunoelectron microscopy is used for localizing proteins in thin sections at the electron microscope level.