The SL RNA provides an exon that is connected to the first exon of an mRNA by trans-splicing. The reaction involves the same interactions as nuclear cis splicing but generates a Y-shaped RNA instead of a lariat.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3490

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Gibberellins (0.1-1mg/l) promotes shoot elongation and Somatic embryo germination.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3492

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

In somatic embryogenesis, a somatic embryo (SE) is derived from a somatic cell, other than zygote.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3494

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Artificial seeds are produced by encapsulating somatic embryos in calcium alginate gel.

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#Id: 3495

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Chromosome doubling of haploid plants produced by anther culture generates homozygous lines.

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#Id: 3497

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Haploid plants can be produced in large numbers by anther and ovary cultures and from interspecific crosses.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3498

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

In protoplast fusion, protoplasts of desired strains/species are mixed in almost equal proportion by PEG induced, electrofusion and high pH-high Ca²⁺ treatments.