5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is now novel epigenetic marks. The “teneleven translocation 1-3” or Tet1-3 proteinsare DNA TET hydroxylase enzymes that can convert 5mC to 5hmC, and can further convert 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and then 5- carboxylcytosine (5caC) in successive reactions.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

CAP–cAMP binds upstream to promoters DNA and target bends the DNA considerably about 100 degrees

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Stimulation of b-galactosidase synthesis by cAMP with wild-type and mutant CAP.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The phage genome is present in the bacterial genome in a latent form known as a prophage adopts lysogeny.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Multiplicity of infection (moi) is a measure of how many phage particles infect a given bacterial cell within a population. 

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

A value of MOI = 1 implies that on an average there is a single host cell for a single phage particle.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

If 100,000 viral particles are added to one million host cells, the MOI is 0.1 means lytic cycle. High MOI means lysogenic cycle.