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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7706

                                                                                                Type I β turn


#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology #Conformation of proteins #Part B Pointers
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9070

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Two large classes of GTPase switch proteins are used in signal transduction pathways:

1. Heterotrimeric G proteins

2. Monomeric G proteins
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9071

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Feedback mechanisms suppress signaling by the PKA pathway:
1. Intrinsic GTPase activity of Gαs
2. PDE acts to hydrolyze cAMP to 5′-AMP
3. By BARK
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9072

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In resting state 
basal level of PDE activity keeps cAMP levels below those necessary for PKA activation.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9073

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9074

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activation of β-adrenergic receptors causes activation of C subunits of PKA which phosphorylate PDE, stimulating its catalytic activity.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9075

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Active PDE hydrolyzes cAMP, driving cAMP levels back to basal levels.