Two sugars that differ in configuration at only one chiral center are described as epimers.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3535

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Mitochondrial genomes have genes encoding (mostly complex I–IV) proteins, rRNAs, and tRNAs

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3536

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Human mitochondrial DNA has 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 13 protein-coding regions. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3537

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The fivefold discrepancy in size between the S. cerevisiae (84 kb) and mammalian (16.6 kb) mitochondrial genomes indicates the fact that there must be a great difference in their genetic organization in spite of their common function.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3538

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The chloroplast genome in land plants encodes 4 rRNAs, 30 tRNAs, and 60 proteins.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3539

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The chloroplast genome is generally similar to that of mitochondria, except that there are more genes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3683

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

There are 6000 genes in yeast; 21,700 in a nematode worm; 17,000 in a fly; 25,000 in the small plant Arabidopsis; and probably 20,000 to 25,000 in mice and humans