ETI are usually stronger than PTI and cause hypersensitive reaction or apoptosis of tissue

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Negative feedback regulation by MAP Kinase

activated MAP kinase triggers an increase in the expression of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), particularly DUSP6.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9658

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Hormonal stimulation of GPCR leads to the activation of PLC (IP3/DAG pathway).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9659

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

GPCRs specifically activate the β isoform of PLC (PLCβ)

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Many RTKs and cytokine receptors specifically activate the γ isoform (PLCγ), which contains an SH2 domain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9661

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activated RTKs and cytokine receptors promote PLCγ activity in two ways: 

By localizing PLCγ to the membrane

By phosphorylating PLCγ

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9662

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The SH2 domains of PLCγ bind to specific phosphotyrosines on the activated RTKs and cytokine receptors, thus positioning PLCγ close to PIP2.