A key function of mitotic CDKs, together with other protein kinases and ubiquitin-protein ligases, is to induce the formation of the mitotic spindle, also known as the mitotic apparatus.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3396

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The genes encoding the translesion polymerases are expressed as part of a pathway known as the SOS response. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3397

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Damage leads to the proteolytic destruction of a transcriptional repressor (the LexA repressor) that controls expression of genes involved in the SOS response, including those for DinB, UmuC, and UmuD, the inactive precursor for UmuD0.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3400

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Cleavage of both LexA and UmuD is stimulated by a protein called RecA, which is activated by single-stranded DNA resulting from DNA damage.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3402

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

LexA repressor (Mr 22,700) inhibits transcription of all the SOS genes, and induction of the SOS response requires removal of LexA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3404

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The LexA repressor is inactivated when it catalyzes its own cleavage at a specific Ala–Gly peptide bond.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3405

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

SOS response in E. coli: 

The LexA protein is the repressor in this system, which has an operator site near each gene. Because the RecA gene is not entirely repressed by the LexA repressor, the normal cell contains about 1,000 RecA monomers.