The levels of insulin present in the body and the Kd for binding of insulin to its receptor on liver cells,

1.4 × 10−10 M (0.14 nM). The normal concentration of insulin in the blood is  5 × 10−12 M. 

The fraction of insulin receptors with bound insulin, [RL]/[RT], at equilibrium as 0.0344

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Homophilic Binding 

A CAM on one cell can directly bind to the same kind of CAM on an adjacent cell

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Both polymerase removal and repair enzyme recruitment are performed by a single protein called TRCF.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Proportion of base pairs that differ between sequences(D) 

D= 2rt

r  = rate of divergence per base pair per million  

T = time

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

An inversion may break a gene into two parts, with one part moving to a new location and destroying the function of that gene.

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

However, these mutations also interfere with the synthesis of melanin pigment, lightening the color of the hair; therefore, individuals with PKU frequently have light brown or blond hair.