The levels of insulin present in the body and the Kd for binding of insulin to its receptor on liver cells,

1.4 × 10−10 M (0.14 nM). The normal concentration of insulin in the blood is  5 × 10−12 M. 

The fraction of insulin receptors with bound insulin, [RL]/[RT], at equilibrium as 0.0344

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 643

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

EMS causes ethylation of the bases in DNA at the 7-N and the 6-O positions of G cause G:C → A:T transitions.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 644

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Alkylating agents induce all types of mutations, including transitions, transversions, frameshifts, and even chromosome aberrations.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 645

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

hydroxylating agent hydroxylamine (NH2OH) induces only G:C → A:T transitions not reversal.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 646

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

When DNA is treated with hydroxylamine, the amino group of cytosine is hydroxylated.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 647

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

X rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays is ionizing radiation and ultraviolet light is nonionizing radiation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 648

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

1 roentgen unit is a quantity of X ray that produces 2.083X109 ion pairs in one cubic centimeter of air at 0C and a pressure of 760 mm of mercury.