The specificity factor (W) estimates the preference of rubisco for CO2 versus O2

where Vc and Vo  are the maximum velocities for carboxylation and oxygenation, respectively, and Kc and Ko are the Michaelis–Menten constants for CO2 and O2, respectively

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9907

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammatory response

The response includes both localized and systemic effects, consisting of altered patterns of blood flow, an influx of phagocytic and other immune cells, removal of foreign antigens, and healing of the damaged tissue.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9908

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammatory response

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#Id: 9909

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammasomes

Multiprotein complex that promotes inflammation by processing inactive precursor forms of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18.

Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9910

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammatory response

Inflammation may be acute (short-term effects)—for example, in response to local tissue damage.

it may be chronic (long term), contributing to conditions such as arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and Type 2 diabetes.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Arachidonic acid and some eicosanoid derivatives

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9912

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)

Enzyme responsible for the formation from arachidonic acid of prostaglandins and other pro-inflammatory mediators.