Animal cognition

Some animal, especially many mammal, bird have cognitive ability that  extend to reasoning, problem solving, tool used and symbolic  communication.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Types of selection

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The proportion of occupied patches will stabilize over time to =1− (x/m)

x - Extinction rate 

m - Rate of movement between patches

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#Id: 1103

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Na+–K+ ATPase, consists of two types of subunits: 

α2 subunit

β2 subunit

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A single molecule of I-κBα binds to N-terminal domains of the p50–p65 subunits, masking their NLS.

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#Id: 6302

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

During abortive Transcription, RNA Polymerase Remains Stationary and Pulls Downstream DNA into Itself RNA polymerase produces and releases short RNA transcripts of 10 nucleotides (abortive synthesis) before escaping the promoter, 

 

During abortive Transcription, RNA Polymerase Remains Stationary and Pulls Downstream DNA into Itself

RNA polymerase produces and releases short RNA transcripts of 10 nucleotides (abortive synthesis) before escaping the promoter, entering the elongation phase, and synthesizing the proper transcript. It has long been unclear how the enzyme’s active site translocates along the DNA template during initial abortive cycles of transcription. Three general models were proposed:- “transient excursion”, “Inchworming”, “Scrunching”