Animal cognition

Some animal, especially many mammal, bird have cognitive ability that  extend to reasoning, problem solving, tool used and symbolic  communication.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6545

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor leads to activation of a protease that cleaves the TUG protein, releasing GLUT4-containing vesicles, which move along microtubules

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6546

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Insulin also activates PKB which phosphorylates the Rab GAP protein AS160

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6547

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Rab proteins in their active GTP-bound states, allow the GLUT4 storage vesicles to move along microtubules to the cell surface

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6548

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Fusion of GSVs with the plasma membrane catalyzed by the exocyst & monomeric GTP-binding protein, RALA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6549

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Plasma membrane GLUT4 allows the cell to incorporate glucose from the ECF

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6550

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Removal of insulin, the plasma membrane GLUT4 is internalized by endocytosis and eventually transported to GSVs