Loss of the PTEN protein contributes to the uncontrolled growth of cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Naturally occurs when maternal IgG crosses the placenta to the developing fetus.

Maternal antibodies present in breast milk can also provide passive immunity to the infant in the form of maternally produced IgA.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Use of Passive vaccine, 

a. Immune deficiency

b, Toxin or venom exposure with immediate threat to life

c, Exposure to pathogens that can cause death faster

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Passive vaccine- Measles, Rabies, Snake bite, Hepatitis A and B, Cytomegalovirus, Diphtheria

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Active Immunization

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

For good vaccine

a. The vaccine must be safe

b. It must be effective in preventing infection

c. Activation of the humoral and cell-mediated

d. Development of long-term immunologic memory

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Clinical trials

Phase I clinical trials assess human safety; a small number of volunteers are monitored closely for adverse side effects.