There are five phytochrome isoforms in angiosperms

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7171

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

During cleavage, β-catenin enters the nuclei and binds with Tcf3 to form a transcription factor that activates genes encoding proteins Siamois and Twin.

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#Id: 6149

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs, Artemis, XRCC4, Cernunnos-XLF, and DNA ligase IV. Ku70 and Ku80 are the most fundamental components of NHEJ. 

They constitute a heterodimer that binds to the DNA ends and recruits DNA-PKcs, which is a protein kinase. DNA-PKcs, in turn, forms a complex with Artemis. Artemis is both a 5’-to-3’ exonuclease and a latent endonuclease that is activated by phosphorylation by DNA-PKcs. 

These nucleolytic activities process the broken ends and prepare them for ligation. Ligase IV performs ligation in a complex with XRCC4 and Cernunnos-XLF.

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#Id: 6126

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

DNA glycosylases recognize and remove formamidopyrimidine and 8-hydroxyguanine (both arising from purine oxidation), hypoxanthine (arising from adenine deamination), and alkylated bases such as 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine.

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#Id: 9653

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activated dimeric MAP kinase induces transcription of the c-fos gene by directly activating TCF, and indirectly activating SRF.

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#Id: 6424

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

X-Linked Recessive Traits 

X-linked recessive traits appear more often in males than in females and are not passed from father to son.

Example – Hypophosphatemia , Rett syndrome