CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1 (COP1), another negative regulator of photomorphogenesis, is a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that targets photomorphogenesis-promoting proteins for degradation such as phyA, phyB.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The Enemy release hypothesis is the idea that invasive species are less impacted by enemies than native species.

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#Id: 4692

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Reciprocity

When one individual provides a fitness benefit to another, as long as the second individual is likely to return the favor later.

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#Id: 6976

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

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#Id: 9094

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phospholipase C cleaves a phospholipid known as PI(4,5) P2, generating two second messengers: 

diffusible IP3 and membrane-bound DAG

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#Id: 8264

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Dispersion or London forces are large networks of intermolecular forces between nonpolar and non-charged molecules and atoms (i.e. alkanes, noble gases, and halogens).