during a life cycle of adult lancet fluke live in cows. They spread their eggs in cow manure, snails eat the eggs and the immature parasites hatch and infect their intestine. The snail coughs up these offspring in balls of slime and ants eat these slime balls loaded with flukes. The flukes migrate to the ant’s head and make them climb to the tops of grass blades where they are eaten by cows and the cycle starts over again

a. Only ant act as inntermediate host 

b. both snail and Ant act as intermediate host

c. cow act as definitive host due to sexual reproduction

d. only snail act as intermediate host due to asexual reproduction

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 11942

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A patient’s urine is collected for 2 hr, and the total volume is 600 ml during this time. Her urine osmolarity is 150 mOsm/L, and her plasma osmolarity is 300 mOsm/L. What is her “free water clearance”?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 11943

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following changes tends to increase GFR?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 11944

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The maximum clearance rate possible for a substance that is totally cleared from the plasma is equal to which of the following?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 11945

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A patient has the following laboratory values: arterial pH = 7.13, plasma HCO3− = 15 mEq/L, plasma chloride concentration = 118 mEq/L, arterial Pco2 = 28 mm Hg, and plasma Na+ concentration = 141 mEq/L. What is the most likely cause of his acidosis?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12070

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 26-year-old man develops glomerulonephritis, and his GFR decreases by 50% and remains at that level. For which of the following substances would you expect to find the greatest increase in plasma concentration?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12071

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The most serious hypokalemia would occur in which of the following conditions?