A typical membrane lipid of archaea.

Diphytanyl moieties are 8 five-carbon isoprene groups condensed end-to-end.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

WASp activation requires two signals (This type of two-signal input, called coincidence detection):

1. regulatory phospholipid PIP2

2. small GTP-binding protein Cdc42

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

One NPF is called WASp, as it is defective in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The major NPF family is characterized by the presence of a region called WCA (WH2, connector, acidic)

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

To nucleate the assembly of branched actin filaments, Arp2/3 needs to be activated by a nucleation promoting factor (NPF)

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Formins are activated by membrane-bound Rho-GTP, a Ras-related small GTPase

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology