Actin polymerization in vitro proceeds in three steps:

1.Nucleation phase

2.Elongation phase

3.Steady-state

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10304

#Section 2: General Biology

Negative costimulation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8034

#Section 2: General Biology

Nonpolar amino acids have three ionisations zones

1. 1--------pK1 – charge +1

2. pK1---------pK2 charge 0

3. pK2---------14 charge -1

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8396

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Each sarcomere contains two major types of filaments: 

Thick filaments (myosin II)

Thin filaments (actin and associated proteins)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7763

#Section 2: General Biology

Breaking a bond always require energy to be added to the molecule. Correspondingly, making a bond always releases energy.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7748

#Section 2: General Biology

Zeff=Z –S

Chlorine would have a Z value of 17 (the atomic number of Chlorine). Continuing to use Chlorine as an example, the 10 inner electrons (S) would screen out the positive charge of ten protons. Therefore there would be and effective nuclear charge of 17-10 or +7.