A steam steriliser is used to sterilise liquid medium for fermentation. The initial concentration of contaminating organisms is 10⁸ per litre. For design purposes, the final acceptable level of contamination is usually taken to be 10^-3cells; this corresponds to a risk that one batch in a thousand will remain contaminated even after the sterilisation process is complete. For how long should 1 m³ medium be treated if the temperature is 121⁰C ________________.

 To be safe, assume that the contaminants present are spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus, one of the most heat-resistant microorganisms known. For these spores the activation energy for thermal death is 283 kJ gmo1^-1 and the Arrhenius constant is 10^36.2 s^-1

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 1299

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Pectins and hyaluronic acid are both:

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 411

#Section 2: General Biology

The reaction ATP -> ADP + Pi is an example of a reaction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 14658

#Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

The first three nonzero terms of Taylors series for lnx around 2 is

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 1608

#Section 2: General Biology

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) include which of the following?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 3552

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

In corn, three dominant alleles, called A, C, and R, must be present to produce colored seeds. Which of the following genotype would produce 25 % color seeded plant, When cross with Aaccrr?