Glucose is converted to ethanol by immobilized yeast cells entrapped in gel beads. The specific rate of ethanol production is: q_P = 0.2 g ethanol/g-cell-h. The effectiveness factor for an average bead is 0.8. Each bead contains 50 g/L of cells. The voids volume in the column is 40%. Assume growth is negligible (all glucose is converted into ethanol). The feed flow rate is F = 400 l/h and glucose concentration in the feed is S_0i = 150 g glucose/l. The diameter of the column is 1 m and the yield coefficient is about 0.49 g ethanol/g glucose. The column height is 4 m. What is the glucose conversion at the exit of the column?

#Question id: 1134

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Arrange the following proteins in the proper order in which they become activated in the MAPK signaling pathway:

a. MAP kinase                         b. MEK           c. Ras              d. Raf              e. RTK            

#Question id: 1136

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Which of the following signaling pathways can be activated by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases?

a. phospholipase Cγ                b. PI-3 kinase

c. MAP kinase                         d. none of the above

#Question id: 1137

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

A loss-of-function mutation in PTEN phosphatase results in

a. increased cell proliferation.            

b. decreased cell proliferation.

c. increased apoptosis.                                   

d. decreased apoptosis.

#Question id: 1138

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

A loss-of-function mutation in Wnt would have a phenotype similar to a

a. gain-of-function mutation in GSK-3.                    

b. gain-of-function mutation in β-catenin.

c. loss-of-function mutation in GSK-3.                     

d. loss-of-function mutation in β-catenin.

#Question id: 1140

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Cell sensitivity to an external signal is determined by:

#Question id: 1142

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Of the components of a heterotrimeric G protein, which subunit(s) is(are) able to activate downstream responses?